A cataract is a dense, cloudy area that forms in the lens of the eye. A cataract begins when proteins in the eye form clumps that prevent the lens from sending clear images to the retina. The retina works by converting the light that comes through the lens into signals. It sends the signals to the optic nerve, which carries them to the brain.
It develops slowly and eventually interferes with your vision. You might end up with cataracts in both eyes, but they usually don’t form at the same time. Cataracts are common in older people.
Common symptoms of cataracts include:
Blurry vision
Trouble seeing at night
Seeing colors as faded
Increased sensitivity to glare
Halos surrounding lights
Double vision in the affected eye
A need for frequent changes in prescription glasses
There are different types of cataracts. They’re classified based on where and how they develop in your eye.
Nuclear cataracts form in the middle of the lens and cause the nucleus, or the center, to become yellow or brown.
Cortical cataracts are wedge-shaped and form around the edges of the nucleus.
Posterior capsular cataracts form faster than the other two types and affect the back of the lens.
Congenital cataracts, which are present at birth or form during a baby’s first year, are less common than age-related cataracts.
Secondary cataracts are caused by disease or medications. Diseases that are linked with the development of cataracts include glaucoma and diabetes. The use of the steroid prednisone and other medications can sometimes lead to cataracts.
Traumatic cataracts develop after an injury to the eye, but it can take several years for this to happen.
Radiation cataracts can form after a person undergoes radiation treatment for cancer.
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